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slr_hi_wave_fld_3_pt_2_ft
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NAD_1983_HARN_UTM_Zone_4N
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slr_hi_wave_fld_3_pt_2_ft
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Charles Fletcher
University of Hawaii Coastal Geology Group (CGG)
Unknown
fletcher@soest.hawaii.edu
20220818
ArcGIS Metadata
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Pacific Islands Ocean Observing System (PacIOOS)
Unknown
info@pacioos.org
None specified
GeoServer
This URL provides access to this dataset via GeoServer, which offers multiple output formats and an OpenLayers viewer.
Open Geospatial Consortium Web Map Service (WMS)
Open Geospatial Consortium Web Feature Service (WFS)
Open Geospatial Consortium Web Map Service - Cached (WMS-C)
GeoExplorer
This URL provides a viewer for this dataset.
Hawaii Sea Level Rise Viewer
This URL provides a viewer for this dataset.
Hawaii Sea Level Rise Vulnerability and Adaptation Report
This dataset was created in support of the Hawaii Sea Level Rise Vulnerability and Adaptation Report (2017).
http://geo.pacioos.hawaii.edu/geoserver/PACIOOS/hi_hcgg_all_wave_flood_2100/ows?service=WMS&version=1.3.0&request=GetCapabilities
http://pacioos.org/shoreline/slr-hawaii/
http://climateadaptation.hawaii.gov/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/SLR-Report_Dec2017.pdf
http://geo.pacioos.hawaii.edu/geoserver/
http://geo.pacioos.hawaii.edu/geoserver/PACIOOS/gwc/service/wms?service=WMS&version=1.1.1&request=GetCapabilities&tiled=true
http://geo.pacioos.hawaii.edu/geoexplorer/
http://geo.pacioos.hawaii.edu/geoserver/PACIOOS/hi_hcgg_all_wave_flood_2100/ows?service=WFS&version=1.0.0&request=GetCapabilities
File Geodatabase Feature Class
slr_hi_wave_fld_3_pt_2_ft
2017-12-21
University of Hawaii Coastal Geology Group (CGG)
Tiffany Anderson
Charles Fletcher
<DIV STYLE="text-align:Left;"><DIV><DIV><P><SPAN>Hawaii is exposed to large waves annually on all open coasts due to its location in the Central North Pacific Ocean. The distance over which waves run-up and wash across the shoreline will increase with sea level rise. As water levels increase, less wave energy will be dissipated through breaking on nearshore reefs and waves will arrive at a higher elevation at the shoreline. Computer model simulations of future annual high wave flooding were conducted by the University of Hawaii Coastal Geology Group using the XBeach (for eXtreme Beach behavior) numerical model developed by a consortium of research institutions. The model propagates the maximum annually recurring wave, calculated from offshore wave buoy data, over the reef and to the shore along one-dimensional (1D) cross-shore profiles extracted from a 1-meter DEM. Profiles are spaced 20 meters apart along the coast. This approach was used to model the transformation of the wave as it breaks across the reef and includes shallow water wave processes such as wave set-up and overtopping. The IPCC AR5 RCP8.5 sea level rise scenario was used in modeling exposure to annual high wave flooding from sea level rise at 0.5, 1.1, 2.0, and 3.2 feet. This particular layer depicts annual high wave flooding using the 3.2-ft (0.9767-m) sea level rise scenario. While the RCP8.5 predicts that this scenario would be reached by the year 2100, questions remain around the exact timing of sea level rise and recent observations and projections suggest a sooner arrival. Historical data used to model annual high wave flooding include hourly measurements of significant wave height, peak wave period, and peak wave direction, and was acquired from offshore wave buoy data from PacIOOS. Maximum surface elevation and depth of the annual high wave flooding is calculated from the mean of the five highest modeled water elevations at each model location along each profile. Output from the simulations is interpolated between transects and compiled in a 5-meter map grid. Depth grid cells with values less than 10 centimeters are not included in the impact assessment. This was done to remove very thin layers of water excursions that (1) are beyond the accuracy of the model and (2) might not constitute a significant impact to land and resources when only occurring once annually. Any low-lying flooded areas that are not connected to the ocean are also removed. Annual high wave flood modeling covered wave-exposed coasts with low-lying development on Maui, Oahu, and Kauai. Annual high wave flooding was not available for the islands of Hawaii, Molokai, and Lanai, nor for harbors or other back-reef areas throughout all the islands. Additional studies would be needed to add the annual high wave flooding for those areas. The maximum annually recurring wave parameters (significant wave height, period, direction) were statistically determined using historical wave climate records and do not include potential changes in future wave climate, the effects of storm surge, or less-frequent high wave events (e.g., a 1-in-10 year wave event). In some locations, the extent of flooding modeled was limited by the extent of the 1-meter DEM. Changes in shoreline location due to coastal erosion are not included in this modeling. As shorelines retreat, annual high wave flooding will reach farther inland along retreating shorelines. Waves are propagated along a "bare earth" DEM which is void of shoreline structures, buildings, and vegetation, and waves are assumed to flow over an impermeable surface. The DEM represents a land surface at one particular time, and may not be representative of the beach shape during the season of most severe wave impact, particularly for highly variable north and west-exposed beaches. Undesirable artifacts of 1D modeling include over-predicted flooding along some transects with deep, shore-perpendicular indentations in the sea bottom such as nearshore reef channels. The 1D modeling does not account for the presence of nearby shallow reef which refracts and dissipates some of the wave energy traveling through the channel toward the shore. Wave flooding modeling may be improved in future efforts by employing more complex and data-intensive 2D modeling and through local field experiments. </SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>Data compiled by the Pacific Islands Ocean Observing System (PacIOOS) for the Hawaii Sea Level Rise Viewer hosted at </SPAN></SPAN><A href="https://pacioos.org/shoreline/slr-hawaii/"><SPAN><SPAN>https://pacioos.org/shoreline/slr-hawaii/</SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN>. For further information, please see the Hawaii Sea Level Rise Vulnerability and Adaptation Report: </SPAN><A href="https://climateadaptation.hawaii.gov/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/SLR-Report_Dec2017.pdf"><SPAN>https://climateadaptation.hawaii.gov/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/SLR-Report_Dec2017.pdf</SPAN></A></P></DIV></DIV></DIV>
Estimated annual high wave flooding, modeled using a 3.2 foot sea level rise scenario.
Charles Fletcher
University of Hawaii Coastal Geology Group (CGG)
Unknown
fletcher@soest.hawaii.edu
http://pacioos.org/metadata/browse/hi_hcgg_all_wave_flood_2100.png
Sample image.
PNG
GCMD Location Keywords
Continent > North America > United States Of America > Hawaii
Ocean > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Hawaiian Islands > Maui
Ocean > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Hawaiian Islands
Ocean > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Hawaiian Islands > Oahu
Ocean > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Hawaiian Islands > Kauai
GCMD Science Keywords
Earth Science > Oceans > Ocean Waves > Wave Runup
Earth Science > Climate Indicators > Atmospheric/Ocean Indicators > Sea Level Rise > Inundation
Earth Science > Human Dimensions > Environmental Impacts
Earth Science > Oceans > Coastal Processes > Sea Level Rise
Earth Science > Human Dimensions > Natural Hazards > Floods
Earth Science > Oceans > Ocean Waves > Wave Runup
Earth Science > Climate Indicators > Atmospheric/Ocean Indicators > Sea Level Rise > Inundation
Earth Science > Human Dimensions > Environmental Impacts
Continent > North America > United States Of America > Hawaii
Ocean > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Hawaiian Islands > Maui
Earth Science > Oceans > Coastal Processes > Sea Level Rise
Ocean > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Hawaiian Islands
Ocean > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Hawaiian Islands > Oahu
Ocean > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Hawaiian Islands > Kauai
Earth Science > Human Dimensions > Natural Hazards > Floods
Unknown
<DIV STYLE="text-align:Left;"><DIV><DIV><P><SPAN>Based on the methodology of sea level rise modeling used in the Hawaii Sea Level Rise Vulnerability and Adaptation Report (Report) and the Hawaii Sea Level Rise Viewer (Viewer), having gone through peer review and publication in the Nature Journal Scientific Reports, the results of this study are sufficiently validated to be appropriately used in land management decisions as the best available information as of the date of publication of the Report, December 2017, consistent with the intent of Act 83 SLH 2014 as amended. This Report is intended to provide a state-wide assessment of Hawaii's vulnerability to sea level rise. The location of projected impacts and economic costs from damages are estimates based on a particular sea level rise scenario. The hazard and vulnerability data and maps provided herein are based on observational data and computer-based models as described in the Report and in published research (Anderson et al., 2018). As with all models, it is important to understand the methods, assumptions, limitations, and uncertainties of the methods used. The risks associated with use or non-use of the results are assumed by the user.</SPAN></P></DIV></DIV></DIV>
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